The Apa Style Of Writing Has Been In Existence For Over

The APA style of writing has been in existence for over 80 years and has been revised 6 times over that time period. APA has been recognized as a guide for many important disciplines beyond Psychology including business and education which indicates the standards credibility in the publishing community (Hunsley, 2010). The long tradition of the APA standard establishes the credibility and importance. It has evolved to keep up with modern research and technology. Using the same style as others in your profession allows for peer reviewers to read the article quicker and also have a reference go back to so they ensure data, tables and references are all documented correctly. The APA standard is helps researchers to distribute important†¦show more content†¦Having important standard for ethics a rigorous process to have an article published in a journal helps me to be a more confident researcher. Key style elements of APA make publishing easier and set important standards for all researchers (Hunsley, 2010, 219). â€Å"The Manual is used by more than 1,000 journals across a very wide range of disciplines and is part of the lives of enormous numbers of students in many countries around the world. Its advice is highly influential.† (Cumming, fiddler, Kalinowski and Lai) APA has an enormous effect on research and writing and maintains as a growing standard as more people like myself learn to use it. The impact APA has around the world on research and writing is astounding. The uniform style is clear and to the point so much so that people at all levels are able to learn it.. APA’s potential to help as a researcher Statistically the American Meteorological Society is a meaningful force when it comes to distributing new scientific facts throughout the community (American Meteorological Society, 2007). Maintaining high standards of publication through the use of APA standards is important to share new scientific research that can be trusted. Peer review allows experts in scientific areas to scrutinize articles to ensure that adequate standards are met (AMS, 2017). Although it can burden scientist with the time it takes to review an article it’s incredibly important because of the level ofShow MoreRelatedOrganization Change1542 Words   |  7 Pages HRM/310 McDonald’s Plans to Change U.S. Structure, by Bob Cramer Article Summary McDonald’s Corporation has been going through a series of underperformances over the past three years, mostly marred by unwarranted restaurant outlays and menu changes. This has resulted in a slump in its market share as customers walk away from the fast food giant, often mentioning dissatisfaction in their experiences at their outlets. The company’s management credits this to poor service delivery and the institutionRead MoreApa Style4201 Words   |  17 Pages[pic] [pic]APA style From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search |[pic] |This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedias quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. The talk page may | | |contain suggestions. (November 2010) | | | |Style guides Read MoreAn Analysis of the Writing Center2104 Words   |  9 PagesWriting Center Woes 1 Running Heading: AN ANALYSIS OF THE WRITING CENTER Writing Center Woes Lesley R Taylor Moore BUS 600 Management Communications with Technology Ashford University Week 6 Dr. Charles Nichols October 3, 2011 Writing Center Woes 2 When writing for school projects whether for a presentation to just too simply fulfill a requirement for the class one must utilize all avenues and resources to ensure the paper is well written and executedRead MoreCase Study Of The Classroom3005 Words   |  13 Pagesfor an educational assessment. An engaging little boy, his parents report that he is behind in his school work and has been in trouble for disruptive behaviour in the classroom. The school had provided school reports and he is below average on maths problems and his assignments appeared rushed and poorly put together. Socially, Tyler has friends but frequently has fights with them over trivial matters. Sometimes they tease him calling him a baby because of the way he reacts in social situations sometimesRead MoreDefining Oppositional Defiant Disorder Essay examples2415 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction My rationale for writing this paper is to know what oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is and its effect on age, gender, and concurring behaviors (comorbidity) like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD). How these conditions are affected in getting the proper diagnosis and treatment for ODD. Loeber, Burke, and Pardini reported in clinical groups among children, ODD is listed as one of the most commonly known behavioral disorders (as cited in KazdinRead Moreproject topic proposal15745 Words   |  63 Pagesreproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright Portions of this handbook have been have been adapted, with permission, from the Applied Research Project Proposal (1991) of Geneva College, Beaver Falls, PA. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF STEPS 4 THE MIND AND ATTITUDE OF THE RESEARCHER 8 Read MoreHsa 530 Week 4 Hsa530 Week 43978 Words   |  16 Pagesprovide an example of how the Joint Commission has influenced a specific function of HR in a healthcare organization. * Recommend a specific employee training method that you think would be most effective for a healthcare organization, and determine one advantage and one disadvantage of your chosen training method. Provide support for your rationale. HSA 530 Week 3 Quiz 1 Question 1 The Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) Act (1973) took precedence over all state regulations that presented any barriersRead MoreEthics at the Beginning of Life: Prenatal Genetic Testing3950 Words   |  16 Pages13, 2012 Prenatal Genetic Testing Prenatal testing and genetic testing developed hand in hand. Many genes, the basic unit of heredity, are now known through the human genome project (Pence, 2011, pp. 273-274). 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Source Analysis Van Creveld has authored a number of major works, including 1977?s ?Supplying War,? which established his reputation for meticulous scholarship and perceptive insights. ?Command in War? detailed the evolving nature of command and remains a classic, along with ?TechnologyRead MoreMastering Graduate Studies 1e32499 Words   |  130 Pages3300 W Camelback Rd Phoenix, AZ 85017 602.639.7500 Copyright Information Grand Canyon University. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher  custom textbook usage The following icons have been created to assist students’ interactive experience in usage of this textbook. These will appear across the top or bottom of every page. Table of Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Barrier Computer Free Essays

Computer hardware is no longer a major barrier to wide use of wireless information systems. This is due to the number of different systems available to connect on. I will be discussing 3 of these, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and 3G. We will write a custom essay sample on Barrier Computer or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) standard is based on the 802. 11 specification and is currently the most common standard for wireless home and small-office networking. Wi-Fi is ideal for small-business and home wireless networks with an indoor range of about 150 feet and an outdoor range of about 300 feet. In a simple network, the network signal is brought into the home/office via a modem, and a router/access point distributes the signal. There are four common versions of 802. 11, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. 802. 11n The 802. 11n specification is the most recent development in the area of Wi-Fi. 802. 11n builds on previous 802. 11 standards by adding multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and 40 MHz channels to the physical (PHY) layer, and frame aggregation to the MAC layer. MIMO is a technology which uses multiple antennas to coherently resolve more information than possible using a single antenna. Two important benefits it provides to 802. 11n are antenna diversity and spatial multiplexing. 802. 11g The 802. 11g specification is the most recent of the Wi-Fi specs to be approved and is currently the most commonly implemented Wi-Fi standard. Like 802. 11n and 802. 11b, 802. 11g operates in the 2. 4GHz spectrum, but without the MIMO advantage of 802. 11n, 802. 11g is highly subject to interference from other electronic devices that operate in the same spectrum, such as cordless phones and baby monitors. 802. 11b As the first popular Wi-Fi technology, the 802. 11b specification offers slower data speeds than 802. 11n, 802. 11g, or 802. 11a, with a theoretical throughput of 11Mbps and real-world performance of about 5Mbps. Otherwise, its specs mirror those of 802. 11g. 802. 11b has an indoor range of about 150 feet, and it operates in the 2. 4GHz band, making it highly susceptible to interference from other devices. On the positive side, 802. 11b products are very inexpensive, if you can find them. 802. 11a An oddity of the Wi-Fi specs is 802. 11a–it’s less common but does have certain advantages over 802. 11g. 802. 11a operates in the 5GHz frequency, which means it’s less susceptible to interference from cordless phones and microwave ovens. 802. 11a also boasts speeds similar to 802. 11g, though because 802. 11g and 802. 11a use different frequencies, they can’t talk directly to one another. If you’re using an 802. 11a adapter on a notebook, you won’t be able to connect to most Wi-Fi hot spots. 802. 11a also lacks the range of the other Wi-Fi flavors, spanning only about 100 feet. Finally, the 5GHz radio inside 802. 11a products will drain power faster than a 2. 4GHz radio . Next is Bluetooth, a low-power radio signal specification that allows devices to communicate and exchange information on a smaller scale than Wi-Fi using a personal-area network. Bluetooth’s practical throughput is roughly 500Kbps, and its range is no more than 30 feet, making Bluetooth ideal for simple exchanges of information between devices. Bluetooth is also easier to use than Wi-Fi. Bluetooth devices that come within range of each other can communicate automatically with little or no setup. Common applications for Bluetooth include wireless keyboards and mice for notebook and desktop PCs, communication and file transfers between PCs and PDAs; wireless printing to a Bluetooth printer; and wireless headsets for cell phones. Newer applications include Bluetooth-enabled cars that communicate with Bluetooth-enabled phones, allowing for true hands-free phone operation in the car. However, Bluetooth operates on the 2. 4GHz band, subject to the same interference issues as 802. 11 network devices. 3G is an broad term that refers to third-generation wireless networks that deliver broadband speeds to cell phones and other mobile devices. With speeds between 144Kbps and 2. , you can download files, surf the Web, send and receive e-mail, or stream music and video over the cellular networks. With a cellular modem or a 3G phone, you don’t have to find discrete hot spots; an entire metropolitan area with a 3G network is essentially a giant hot spot of sorts. There are several types of 3G to choose from. The two main versions of 3G are UMTS and EVDO. Speeds for each are comparable, though EVDO is more widely available. Currently, Verizon Wireless is the main provider of EVDO networks, with coverage in about 50 cities and metropolitan areas. UMTS is available through Cingular/ATT Wireless, though only in very limited areas. Cingular/ATT also provides EDGE networks, which are technically 2. 5G cellular technology. EDGE is slower than both UMTS and EVDO, transmitting data at rates of about 90Kbps. On the plus side, EDGE networks are more widely available than UMTS, and in fact, Cingular encourages using EDGE networks when outside of their geographically limited UMTS coverage areas . The next generation of wireless system is, WiBro (Wireless Broadband) is a wireless broadband Internet technology developed by the South Korean telecoms industry. WiBro is the South Korean service name for IEEE 802. 16e international standard. WiBro adopts TDD for duplexing, OFDMA for multiple access and 8. 75 MHz as a channel bandwidth. WiBro was devised to overcome the data rate limitation of mobile phones and to add mobility to broadband Internet access In February 2002, the Korean government allocated 100 MHz of electromagnetic spectrum in the 2. 3 – 2. 4 GHz band, and in late 2004 WiBro Phase 1 was standardized by the TTA of Korea and in late 2005 ITU reflected WiBro as IEEE 802. 16e. Two South Korean Telecoms (KT, SKT) launched commercial service in June 2006 . In the course of just a few short years, wireless technologies have changed the way we connect computers, phones, PDAs, and other devices both to each other and to the Internet. Today, Wi-Fi is the most popular wireless local-area networking technology and is now a common feature of many laptops, PDAs, and even cameras. Bluetooth has opened the door to low cost wireless personal-area networks (WPAN). Designed primarily as a cable replacement technology, WPAN systems help you connect with low power requirements at short ranges. WWANs, or wireless wide-area networks, are designed to deliver high bandwidth across large areas. WWANs are already beginning to offer wireless alternatives to cable Internet access and DSL. As a result, these technologies and upcoming technologies have led to hardware no longer being a barrier to the wide use of wireless technologies. How to cite Barrier Computer, Papers

Antibiotics And Ear Problems Free Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Antibiotics And Ear Problems. Answer: Introduction The topic chosen for the study is antibiotics and ear problems and the article chosen for the study is named as- Use of Antibiotics in Preventing Recurrent Acute Otitis Media and in Treating Otitis Media with Effusion (Williams, 1993). This topic has been chosen for kids who have chronic suppurations Otitis media (CSOM),so that the impact of antibiotics can be seen on those kids. This article has been used for showing the efficiency of antibiotics for prophylaxis of recurring Otitis medium and cure of Otitis media with effusion (OME) in kids. Antibiotics for children Antibiotics seem to be useful yet the recurring Otitis medium has meagre impact. OME has impact in short run but it isn't effective in long run ("Use of antibiotics in young children may disrupt gut microbiome", 2015). Also this article has limitations since the group of patients which can be benefited was not rightly identified. Even though there has beenhugeamount of expenditure by US pediatric population for the cost of Otitis media, still the treatment of these conditions cannot be taken as a dependable one. In case of the recurring acute Otitis media, the impact of antibiotics cannot be known ("Antibiotics not effective for children with infected eczema", 2016). There arecertainset ofpediatricians whobelievethat antibioticsare more effective and the other set believes that century has along lastingeffect. In case of recurring AOM, The issue seems to be of choice, decision,and timingof antibiotic prophylaxis. This study undertookmetaanalysisof the roleof antibioticsfor the cure o f OME and inprophylaxisof recurring AOM. The Otitis media states that child has some fluid or liquid on the backside of his or her eardrum. These can be segregated into two types known as acute Otitis media (AOM) and Otitis media with effusion (OME) (Are Children Overprescribed Antibiotics?, 2008). In a cute won the fluid is having infection or virus or any kind of bacteria that leads to fever or pain. The update is media with diffusion is one where the flu it is not infected and doesn't give any kind of pain. It is important for the doctor to find out what kind of Otitis media it is. It can be caused by blocking of any to connecting the mid of ear with the nose (Bhutta, 2014). In case this to gets blockage then the fluid collection can be seen at the back of the eardrum. In case thereisbacteria developed within this fluid then this can be very painful and most of the times it is not due to bacteria butdoyou to any virus. The general time when this kind of infection or Otitis media occurs is during the winters and this kind of problem is more seenin kidsgoing to day-care. Even if a child catches any upper respiratory infection or a cold then also this can happen. But it has to be kept in mind that water going inside the ear doesn't lead to Otitis media. Role of antibiotics for treating AOM Antibiotics are just useful in specific instances of AOM. If the kid is of two ears are lesser of age or kids with very severe and re-occurring pain or has high fever of more than 102F then antibiotics can be utilised for reduction in pain and bringing back the body temperature to normal. However this would also take around 2 to 3 days (Slovis, 2012).In the children who are bigger than two years of age over the kids who have almost no symptom then it is preferable that antibiotics are not utilized for AOM. These antibiotics usually have Side effects like diarrhea, upsetting of stomach and body rashes. These side effects can be seen when any kid who has been treated with antibiotics for this ear infection gets harsh infections by antibiotic resistant bacteria. Therefore doctors generally avoid using antibiotics and recommend these only for kids who have high fever or severe pain in that ear (Pichichero, 2015). In such cases, the patient is treated with medication for pain. Even in cas e of OME, the antibiotics are not advantages because the middle of the ear isn't impacted by the fluid (Macneil, 2006). The study conducted by Leach et al and published in 2008, the study was for formed in aboriginal societies wheremajorityof kids have reoccurring mid ears ailment from very early age. So these results could also be utilized for different groups which have higher rates of Otis media with effusion (Leach, Morris Mathews, 2008). This study showed thatAboriginal infantswhohave OME and who have been continuously getting amoxicillin the ones who have normal ears, lesser perforations and fewer pneumococcal carriage. There had been no major rise in resistant pneumococcal on NCHi in amoxicillin kids in comparison to the kids who are flexible and we have got continuous pediatric observation withantibioticcure for symptomatic ailments. These studies have one thing in common which is that the utilization of long run on antibiotics would not be significant when the ailmentisnot severe. Oral antibiotics vs. antibiotic eardrops As for the studies, there are various side effects and disadvantages due to which people avoid using antibiotics. An antibiotic is a strong medicine which is used for killing bacteria but for the infections in ear, eardrops can be more effective in comparison to oral medicines. These oral antibiotics have more chances of causing resistant bacteria out of the ear. Also in upcoming times these drugs might stop working.So in future it can make the ailment to be more difficult and very expensive to be treated. The eardrops in form of antibiotics remove the bacteria weaker and in a more complete manner rather than oral antibiotics. So the antibiotic ear drops are more effective because these do not get in the bloodstream and the medicine directly goes to the infected area. When a comparison has to be made between oral antibiotics and antibiotic ear drop then the ear drops have lesser side effects. The side-effects of using oral antibiotics include headache, vomiting and nausea, recipe allergic reactions, diarrhoea, stomach ache, rashes on the body etc. (Brunk, 2011). Critical Appraisal Skills Programme The CASP tool utilized in the study, for the literature review, is Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT). It is a kind of interventional or experimental learning plan. The participants were indiscriminately assigned to be given the antibiotics being tested or a control cure (generally in RCT, it is the typical treatment or a placebo). All the sections of the study were then recorded and the sum or severity of the illness was considered in the intervention group and evaluated along the control group. Why are more kids impacted by Otitis mediathenadults? There are various causes for which kids are prone to have this disease of Otitis media rather than adults. First, the kids have less resistance and they find it more difficult to fightwithinfections. This happens since there are immune system is still under development. One more causes that impacts their immunity is there eustachian tube. This tube is a tiny message which links the open area of the throat with the mid of the ear. It is straighter and smaller in kids rather than in other therefore it plays a major role in Otitis media (Office, 2015). The eustachian tube is generally closed however it opens on a regular basis for ventilating a replenishing the air in themid ear. This tube also makes equilibrium of ear pressure in themid earby responding tothe environmentalchanges. But the two which is blocked due to swelling of its lining or which has a blockage due to mucus caused by cold or any other reason can't open for ventilation ofmid ear. When the ventilation doesn't happen properly then little ears tissues might be flooded with the fluidand blockageor plugging of eustachian tube can make this fluid to accumulate as it doesn't drain out. An additional aspect which can make children more exposed to risk of Otitis media is the adenoids in kids are bigger than the adenoids of adults. These adenoids are lymphocytes which assist in fighting the infections (Rosdahl Kowalski, 2012). These are placed at the back of upper portion of the throat by the side of Eustachian tubes. Bigger and larger adenoids can act as interference among the opening of the Eustachian tube. Also adenoids might turn infectious which can expand in these tubes. The bacteria go to the middle ear by the lining or part of the students and can lead to infection, causing swelling of the middle ears lining. This swelling blocks the eustachian tube or accumulation of white cells therefore leading to a bus or yellow white mucus in the ear. Since this fluid rises the children might feel difficult to hear. This hearing problem workers since the eardrum and middle ear bones are not capable of moving as freely as they must. By the worsening of infection, lots of children face extreme pain in the ear. Excessive fluid in ear and pressurise the ear drum and therefore it can get torn. Cure of Otitis media Source: "Acute Otitis Media in Children. Ear infection information. Patient", 2017 It brings a severe pain in the ear. Lots of physicians might suggest utilising the antibiotic in case the middle ear infection is severe. In case the child experiences been, physician might also suggest any pain relieving medication. It is important to follow the instructions of the physician. Once the antibiotics are started then full course has to be followed. Most of the physicians want the child to come back for a follow-up check up for examining if the infection has been removed. And it has been seen in many cases that lots of bacteria can make Otitis media and these bacteria also have resistance to a few antibiotics. This means whenever antibiotics are provided for cold, flu, viral infections or cough then the body stops responding to these antibiotics. That means that unneccesarry antibiotics in a body make the treatments to be less effective with respect to infections. Therefore many sets of antibiotics might need to be tried for getting this ear infection cleared. Also these antibiotics have many side-effects. After even the clearing of infection, fluid might stay in the middle ear for many months. The middle ear fluid that isn't infectious goes away after 3 to 6 weeks (Abou-halawa, Khan and Alrobaee, 2012). There is one more kind of antibiotic which can be given by physicians, which is to quicken the removal of fluid from the ear of the child. In case this fluid is present for more than three months and also causes hearing loss then there are due to be inserted in the affected region of the ear. This kind of operation is known asmyringotomy and it can be doneby surgeon who is generally an otolaryngologist. Management Major cases of AOM and Otitis media get resolved quickly. Devoid of any particular treatment, the symptoms get better in 24 hours and 60% of the kids and recovery is seen within three days in around 80% of the kids. Whereas enough analgesia has to be given in each of thecase,Antibiotics must be avoided for the Miles two moderate cases and when there is no surety of the diagnosis in patients below the age of two ears. It is also suggested by many studies that most of the children should not be given antibiotics are delayed intimated prescriptions. No antibiotics perception means that there isawarenessthat antibiotics would create less difference to the symptoms but wouldhave even more side-effects. It would also causebodyto be resistantagainstthe antibiotics. Delayed antibiotics prescription means that antibiotics have to be given only if there is no improvement in the symptoms in the four days offatheron in case there is any key worsening at any pointoftime. For both of these prescriptions the review list necessary in case of deteriorating situation or in case the symptoms do not improve in four days of their start. But these antibiotics prescriptions can be given to certain as given below: To the kids who are systemically you'll don't need any admission to the clinic or hospital, to the kids and high risk of congregation due to the long, kidney, liver, heart or neuromuscular ailment, to the kids who are immunocompromised, to the kids who have symptoms for more than 4 days with no sign of improvement (Milne, 2007). In case the antibiotics are needed, five days course of amoxicillin can be given and in case the kids are allergic to penicillin then five days course of erythromycin or clarithromycin must be given. It is also suggested that antibiotics are not important for treating complicated AOM in an otherwise fit kid. For management of AOM, it is important to utilise a complete strategy by prescribing any antibiotic only when it is needed clinically. It is also important that the parents and guardian of the child are explained regarding the advantages and side-effects of intimated while thinking about a watchful waiting method. Generally the parents consider the return of watchful waiting rather than use of antibiotics. The utilisation of antihistamines and decongestants must be discouraged do you to their in adequate impact and safety issues, particularly in the kids of two ears and below. The benefits of antibiotics are very less in uncomplicated ailments. A Cochrane Study of 8 RCTs (randomised controlled trials) 6 double-blinded with 2287 kids in all was used to compare antibiotics with place of for uncomplicated AOM in otherwise healthy kids ("The journal of Family practice", 2017). This study reflected that kids who were cured by use of antibiotics are less likely to suffer with pain in 24 hours beyond start of treatment, in comparison to kids who were untreated. But 7% lesser kids who got antibiotics had been for 2 to 7 days then the untreated kids. So it could be seen that kids who were given antibiotics did not see any key reduction in recurrence of AOM, rather there were issues of rice in the area, rashes and nausea. The study also showed a moderate rise in failure rate of placebo cure for kids below the age of two ears and for the kids with bilateral ailments. So there was a concluding thought that the possible advantages and rest of antibiotics for AOM are very less. Recommendations It is suggested that studies have to be carried out which gave validation for shorter and clearance of a fusion been useful for improving the speech development and also the validation of long run treatment producing prolonged the remission of effusion. Due studies need to be done because there are particular alternate surgical treatments available for Otitis medium. Conclusion Alsostudies showed that there has been concern over the antibiotic resistance. It is known that antibiotics must not be started without the advice of any specialist (Masum Fakir, 2011). The article which has been shared also suggest that short course of antibiotics isusefulfor short-term clearing of its usual. But since OME involves Eustachian tube dysfunction in all so therefore in few cases the better-than-expected is present in themid ear. Therefore it is recommended that one must not expect that small course of antibiotics will be useful for providinglong lastingeffects.For antibiotics to be the accepted treatment for OME there has to be some success shown in fulfilling the objective of cure restoring normal hearingfor longerperiod so that development takes place in a normal way. References Abou-halawa, A., Khan, M. and Alrobaee, A. (2012). Otomycosis with Perforated Tympanic Membrane : Self Medication with Topical Antifungal Solution versus Medicated Ear Wick. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(1), pp.73-77. Antibiotics not effective for children with infected eczema. (2016). Clinical Pharmacist. Are Children Overprescribed Antibiotics?. (2008). American Journal of Nursing, 98(6), p.54. Bhutta, Z. (2014). Antibiotics to promote growth in children?. BMJ, 348(apr15 15), pp.g2624-g2624. Brunk, D. (2011). Trials Give Nod to Antibiotics With Certain AOM. Family Practice News, 41(2), p.7. Friedrich, M. (2011). Antibiotics for Otitis Media. JAMA, 305(7), p.663. Leach, A., Morris, P. and Mathews, J. (2008). Compared to placebo, long-term antibiotics resolve otitis media with effusion (OME) and prevent acute otitis media with perforation (AOMwiP) in a high-risk population: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatrics, 8(1). Macneil, J. (2006). Use Antibiotics in Toddlers With Bilateral AOM. Pediatric News, 40(7), p.14. Masum, S. and Fakir, M. (2011). Systemic Antibiotics Versus Topical Treatments for Chronic Discharging Ears with Underlying Eardrum Perforations. Journal of Dhaka Medical College, 19(2). Mdedge.com. (2017). The journal of Family practice. [online] Available at: https://www.mdedge.com/jfponline/article/65210/pediatrics/should-you-use-antibiotics-treat-acute-otitis-media-children [Accessed 20 Sep. 2017]. Milne, A. (2007). Summary of Systemic antibiotics versus topical treatments for chronically discharging ears with underlying eardrum perforations. Evidence-Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal, 2(2), pp.691-692. Office, A. (2015). Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Antibiotics in 2014. Antibiotics, 4(1), pp.42-43. Patient.info. (2017). Acute Otitis Media In Children. Ear infection information. Patient. [online] Available at: https://patient.info/in/doctor/acute-otitis-media-in-children [Accessed 20 Sep. 2017]. Pichichero, M. (2015). Antibiotics for Acute Otitis Media. JAMA, 313(3), p.294. Rosdahl, C. and Kowalski, M. (2012). Textbook of basic nursing. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Slovis, N. (2012). Equine otitis media-interna. Equine Veterinary Education, 24(6), pp.276-278. Use of antibiotics in young children may disrupt gut microbiome. (2015). The Pharmaceutical Journal. Williams, R. (1993). Use of Antibiotics in Preventing Recurrent Acute Otitis Media and in Treating Otitis Media With Effusion. JAMA, 270(11), p.1344.